Risk adjusted discount rate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Risk adjusted discount regularise - Essay ExampleWhen considering a business investment of giving sums of money within a commodious term project, it is an important objective to ensure that the money received over the life of the project is high that the initial cost of investment.In deciding on the investment to undertake epoch is the most inhering factor, followed by the amount of cash going in and out of the business. In some cases, an investment is make not to generate more cash but to make a saving on kick in cost. (Tony D. and Brian P. 2002, pg 458).The lay out of investments usually involve the injection of large sums of money and returns on the investment be received in a series of small amounts over an extended period of time. In addition, because large sums of money atomic number 18 usually involved it can be very expensive and catastrophic to extend out. Considering the loss of production and investment that can be lost from a failed investment, it is essential t hat investment proposals atomic number 18 properly screened and examined to ensure that the business uses the appropriate appraisal method.Businesses need finance or funds, both in the short-term and long-term to expand, operate their business or just survive. The business is involved in a continuous in and out flow of money by way of income and expenditure. Expenditure can each be capital expenditure, which is the payment made to acquire additional fixed assets and these fixed assets can in turn be loans made by the business or shargons in another business bought by the company, as well as buildings and machinery which are usually long term.On the other hand, income can be revenue expenditures which relates to the purchase of goods and services are in use or have already been use in daily running of the business.In financing an investment a company can either use internal or external source of finance, related to the period repayment.Internal sources of finance as a long term ap proach are retaining profits from previous investment rather than bare out new shares and re-investing the profit. The short term source of finance can be to increase level of creditors and reducing the stock and debtor levels.External sources of finance in the short-tem funding are short-term debts which are elements of overdrafts, loans, leases that are payable within one year and invoice discounting. Other sources of external finance are long-term which include ordinary shares or equity shares, preference shares, debentures and leases.INVESTMENT APPRAISAL ANALYSIS capital of the United States investment appraisal methods are divided into two firstly, those which do not take into account the time value of money and lastly, those which take into account the time value of money.METHODS WHICH DO NOT TAKE INTO tarradiddle THE TIME VALUE OF MONEYAccounting Rate of Return (ARR)ARR is concerned with either the profit in the lead interest and ta

Gun Control Unit 2 Part 1 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Gun Control unit 2 Part 1 - Research Paper ExampleHe pointed out that some vindication was expected form weapons, ammunition and arms industries, stating that it would be seen as an attack on them.Although only as few as four senators had agreed to support Chaffee in his quest to table the bill, he remained overconfident of winning more support. He was wary of refusal to hand over the guns immediately, but confident $5000 penalty thereon would compel criminals to gradually accept the ban. He was categorical on exceptional possession of the guns by patrol among other licensed holders. In attendance was Dr Burton Lee, the President Bushs personal physician who was in agreement of Chaffees argument (Mulligan, 1992). The controlling idea in the authors article is the court-ordered platform being sought to bring in measures t control possession of guns by the public. It is fade that that his thesis is centered on the bill and the popularity it is likely to gain from supporters.From the reporters view on the bill that Senator Chaffee vigilant for passage into law, some key support is lacking, such that the retired Supreme Court Chief Justice declaration for support of the bill gets such publicity. away from a few senators in support of the provisions of the bill, it is seeming that there is a considerable level of resentment from key quarters of arms possession stakeholders. Apart from the politics that goes with legislation, public safety enhancement lies squarely in the sealing of risky loopholes in the warranter policies made by the government. It might be argued that public opinion is the key to determination of policy and legislation, and so does the support of key bills, but a critical surgery of the underlying issues must be apply to make the final verdict. How serious is possession of guns by the public? What popular alternative solutions could be offered in place of hand gun bans? Who could take a better

FAMILY HOUSEHOLD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

FAMILY HOUSEHOLD - Essay ExampleTo draw with, not all espouse hands are better off, only because hu objet darts can never be classified in one way or another definitively. However most men do get a better life in coupling than women. First, one must meet at traditional chores men and women have in a marriage. In a traditional marriage of a century ago, a man worked and a women kept house. mens chores around the house consisted of fixing leaking sinks, fetching out refuse, and mowing the lawn once a week in the summer time. Women cleaned the house, gave birth, and took care of the children. Now women clean the house, crumple birth, take care of children, mow the law, and have a career. Men nevertheless take out garbage and mow the law, if they feel like it. Since women can do it all, if the lawn doesnt get mowed, they will do it. This is what becoming twin to men has gotten women, less respect and more responsibilities. Some men help divide the household chores 50/50, but t hat is rare. The result is great frustration in trying to balance wage-work responsibilities and the demands of housework and motherhood(Lancaster, 120). This is the freshman reason married men have it better than married women.Even if a married man is not employed, he rarely takes on the responsibility of a household like a woman. ane author reports, interviews was that women still had major responsibility for housework and child-care - even where husbands were unemployed (Dryden, 17). The traditional roles of marriage still remain, despite reversal of roles in a marriage. The responsibilities of the household still fall on the married women. Men consider cleaning, doing dishes, and changing babies as womens work. This gives them an out on household duties. Yet another reason married men have it better than married women.Beyond housework and chores, married women will always put on the children. Married men take for granted their wives reproductive

Question is in the instruction box Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

gesture is in the instruction box - Essay ExampleTherefore, many of MNCs keep developed internal programmes, counselling and management systems, which underpin their commitment to good corporate citizenship, good practices, good stage telephone circuit draw and employee conduct with an aim of achieving successful business performance in the global competitory market. These guidelines employed by MNCs aims to call forth the positive values and contributions such as economic, environmental and social advancement in an economy, as come up as, enabling companies to achieve appropriate business conduct for efficient business operations. This has been brought forth by the many technological as well as operational development that have been realized in the area making the organizations more competitive in a bid to maintain a competitive edge. This inquiry seeks to evaluate the Value and Binding Effect of Internal Codes of Conduct by Multinational Enterprises. ... Corporate code s of conducts have been established and they exist in many MNCs in order to guide the company on the authority they operate thus enabling them to achieve successful business performance in the global competitive market2.The recent study that was carried out by the OECD concluded that most MNCs codes of conduct carry to be exceedingly specific and they deal with the peculiarities of a certain project, location or specific company3. There are disparate codes of conducts designed to deal with different issues such as industry-specific corporate codes and these guidelines deals with environment thus labor issues tend to be the most common issues which is being focused under this code of conduct. For instance, many multinational companies in U.S.A such as footwear companies, hardware companies, personal beauty care companies and electronic companies have espouse corporate code of conduct in order to enable them perform their business activities successfully. Multinational companies such as MacDonald stores generally support the idea of codes of conduct that standardize rules of corporate behaviors across the industries because it contributes to successful business performance across the globe. Many multinational companies have developed guidelines that help them in effective business operations. OECD countries have established deliberate standards and principles that are accountable for efficient business performance in various(a) key areas including industrial relation, workforce, human rights and environmental areas4. The motivation behind adopting these guidelines can be quite analyzable but MacDonald Inch adopts codes of conduct due to the need of carrying out effective business practices. This is because the

Recycling Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Recycling - search Paper ExampleIntegrating recycling into K-12 schoolingal system has become a goal for legion(predicate) educators. Usually it is integrated into science or social studies classrooms. This is due to its inclusion in the national education standards for both of these subject beas. Common areas that recycling is integrated into the curriculum include areas such as the reflect of natural resources, general environmental social units, soil units, water units, community units, economic units, and geography units. Although interest is growing, study casebook publishers do not always include recycling in a textbook so teachers are left to supplement the textbooks with outside curriculum to meet the national standards. For example, in a unit about trees or natural resources teachers could include supplemental curriculum about recycling because in the textbook it is never explicitly coered. Non-profit organizations as well as governmental organizations have created s upplemental curriculum for teachers to take away this void.Recycling involves processing used materials into new products to prevent waste of potentially useful materials, reduce the manipulation of fresh raw materials, reduce energy usage, reduce air pollution (from incineration) and water pollution (from bring filling) by reducing the need for conventional waste disposal, and lower greenhouse gas emissions as compared to pure(a) production. Recycling is a key component of modern waste reduction and is the third component of the Reduce, Reuse, and reprocess waste hierarchy. Recyclable materials include many kinds of glass, paper, metal, plastic, textiles, and electronics. Although similar in effect, the composting or other reuse of perishable waste - such as food or garden waste - is not typically considered recycling. Materials to be recycled are either brought to a collection center or picked up from the curbside, then sorted, cleaned, and reprocessed into new materials ke ep back for manufacturing.Most people dont think twice about what they put in the garbage. The average American produces from 3-5 pounds of starter per day, which adds up to 50 tons per year. That means over 200 million tons of trash are produced by all(prenominal)one in the U.S. every year Up to 70% of this trash is buried in landfills.The shivery thing about this is that even though landfills are getting tons of new trash every day, more and more are closing down because they are too expensive to maintain. This is becoming a widespread problem across the U.S. as states struggle to find alternative ways to reduce the sum of money of trash accumulation.Only about one-tenth of U.S. garbage actually gets recycled every year, when in reality over half of it can be recycled into new products. Recycling is one of the most important acts to follow in our daily lives because it can reduce the amount of waste in our landfills, sustain our natural resources and provide remedy air and wa ter quality.On average, each person throws away eight prohibitionist-cell batteries each year. A dry cell battery is the type of batter used to power small househ obsolete items like time and radios. Double and triple A batteries, C, D, and 9-vot batteries are all dry-cell batteries. Batteries are powered by heavy metals that move with chemicals, so simply discarding batteries can cause a horrible impact on the environment, especially when old batteries leak and mixed with rain water pollute the soil and into

Gender Inequality Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Gender Inequality - Research Paper ExampleThis report stresses that there is statistical evidence regarding the roles of men and women in society. Men are paid better than women for the same services. Women deliver less properties, physical assets, financial resources, and are not equal to men in education and engineering science usage. They word harder than men but it cannot be economically proved as they dont perish rewarded for that. Women are not independent in making decisions whether at home or the community they get going to. Cultural traditions and assumptions come in the way of treating women equally to men. They carry higher risk to violence and ravish than men. Gender inequality is inherent in society as it is based on cultural beliefs, societal attitudes, power and independence. This essay makes a conclusion that the media watch-dogs should keep an eye on finding and checking sexual activity stereotypes and fond(p) attitude towards women. They should observe that regulation and standards are adhered to by speaking non-sexist language. Gender issues should be included in the production and use of media so that gender stereotypes no more remain a roadblock in the partnering of men and women in all aspects of life. It is a human rights responsibility also to eradicate negative gender behavior and attitude from all walks of life. Media and advertisement organizations need to be transparent in their policies if they are subtle on discouraging gender based discrimination through policy initiatives, and increase their credibility rating. single media can be the best platform to be used as a tool in empowering gender equality, which will result in economic and social growth.

Discuss, with reference to relevant academic literature, how a tax Essay

Discuss, with reference to pertinent academic literature, how a task system might be designed to combat avoidance and escape valve - Essay ExampleTax evasion and avoidance have become common and is raising concerns everywhere the effective funding of government administrative functions. It is therefore imperative that the government develop strategies that would help it cringe the cases of tax evasion and avoidance as this is eating into the countrys financial policies. People who advisedly avoid tax by hiding their wealth and income tend to pose a great scrap to the society. In the countrys effort to adjust the economy and eliminate the balance of payment deficit, it is demand to detect and follow up tax evaders and ensuring that they pay up. The world is currently experiencing technologically-driven transformation in the flair business is d wiz. The private sector is a pioneer in engine room application in casual business operation including honoring of tax obligations. It is therefore advisable that the government need to seek collaboration with the private sector to develop a workable technologically driven apparatus of curbing the tax evasion menace. One of the greatest challenges is the range of data available. The government need to formulate a statutory structure that is able to capture the property and assets of non-homogeneous entities in the country so that it can slow close down on the tax avoiders. This may be achieved through the use of sophisticated technology to analyze the purchase of property, bank loans, individual and corporate tax returns (Koniordos, 2005). The government may also goat bank accounts and the employment data with the vex of identifying asset property, mark and trace financial transactions that raises hesitation and point out those who are trying to keep their wealth and income off the sight of the authorities with the aim of evading tax. Incorporation of technology in implementing tax policies also means tha t resources will be freed and skilled men from the private sector will enhance chances of rounding up tax evaders. Past records indicate that by 2010 review of the UK governments spending, over ? 900 million to attempt to solve the problem of tax avoidance, evasion, economical fraud through increasing the size of the human capital base on this issue, invest in more skills, increase the use of data from a third party and consistently develop mechanism of tackling the slippery tax evaders and the hidden wealth. By 2012, the government stepped up its campaign of challenging the citizens to honor the tax obligation in the spirit of boosting economic growth for the general welfare of the society. The efforts of the government to apply various tax policies have always been ineffective and this explains why further remedial measures are needed. The governments of UK has been making umteen efforts to exploit the opportunities offered by the available data and modern technology to unveil the hidden wealth and income and to have its efforts in curbing tax evasion. One of the approaches that can yield better results is curtailing offshore banking fraud that is one of the greatest loopholes of tax evasion. The government need to access data with the aim of identifying linkages of such foreign accounts to slightly people. If the account holders are found out they should be compelled by the government to pay interest on top of taxes so far unpaid as a penalty. The actions that are important to recover such unpaid taxes entails co-ordination with foreign countries

Real World Quadratic Functions Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Real World quadratic Functions - Coursework ExampleThis paper exit determine the maximum possible wampum for the grasp store and the twist of clerks that will maximize the profit.The parabola will cross the x-axis at 0 and 12. The value of a = -25 is large and negative, indicating that the parabola will be narrow and will open downward. This means that the maximum value will be at the vertex. The x-value for the vertex of the parabola is given by , where a = -25 and b = 300.Figure 1 shows the represent of the Profit function, . The graph of the profit function is a parabola with vertex at (6, 900). As shown in the graph, thither will be no profit made when no clerk is working or when 12 clerks are working, and there will be loss if more than 12 clerks are working.. The maximum profit will perish when 6 clerks are working and will be equal to $900. The graph of the profit function is merely relevant in the first quadrant, as the value of the x cannot be negative that is negat ive clerks cannot exist.In conclusion, the daily profit, P of a chain store is related to the number of clerks working that day, x, and is given by the function . This paper used quadratic function to determine the maximum possible profit for the chain store and the number of clerks that will maximize the profit. The graph of the profit function (and also solution) indicated that the maximum profit would occur when 6 clerks are working and would be equal to $900. The graph also indicated that there would be no profit made when no clerk is working or when 12 clerks are working, and there will be loss if more than 12 clerks are working. Therefore, the store manager should employ 6 clerks to achieve maximum possible profit at the

No topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

No topic - Essay ExampleFor America, the 1960s was a year of assassinations. Really the nevertheless time since the 19th century that political assassinations had been successful, these assassinations made a scar on the American psyche. ii of the most important of these assassinations occurred in the year 1968, very close to each other. The first was the assassination of Martin Luther poof Jr., the bold obliging rights leader who had inspired millions of black Americans and help end segregation and vicious Jim Crowe laws in the south, especially with the passing of civil rights legislation in 1964. Shortly following Mr. Kings assassination, Robert Kennedy, thus presidential candidate, was also shot dead. These assassinations changed the way in the public eye(predicate) figures had to interact with the public, and, along with president Kennedys assassination earlier in the decade, caused a shift in which much greater barriers were put up amongst public figures and the general population, out of necessity. These assassinations were indicative of the social upheaval that climaxed in the year 1968. Many of the scoop known protest movements of the 1960s had major expressions in this year. For one thing, the year saw protest movements and civil disturbances at a number of universities, including one of the largest at Ho contendd university, which built up to the eventual protest and put to death at Kent State two years later (Forner 884). These were based around a number of issues, besides the biggest was the growing opposition to the Vietnam war. Vietnam War opposition may have peaked several years later 1968, but this was probably the year that shifted public perception to being almost entirely negative. Many factors caused this shift, including growing American casualties. Some of the most culturally important, however, may have been the massacres that occurred and became public knowledge over the kind of 1968. The most famous of these may have been the My Lai massacre, in which American forces killed somewhere in the order of d civilian Vietnamese, while South Korean forces were also accused of massacres elsewhere in the country. These massacres were recorded and platform to America through photography at a rate unprecedented in former wars photographs of these sorts would be essential at turning public opinion against wars in general, and against Vietnam in particular. Question 2 How did Vietnam and the Watergate scandalisation effect trust in the government? Vietnam and the Watergate scandal were both devastating to public trust in government offices. Vietnam was a long and slow erosion whereas the Watergate scandal was something of an immediate drop in public perception of the government. Vietnam, over the long term, was probably the more damaging (from the governments perspective) of the two. The fact is that the Vietnam war was seen as a debacle in nearly every front. It was expensive both monetarily in price of live s lost, while providing almost no benefit. Worse, it made the United States seem interchangeable butchers and villains both on the multinational stage and to civilians back home people saw the realities of warfare (991), which, especially with a conscripted force, involve things like massacres, rapes, and other brutalities that people were not able to handle. This war made Americans suspect of

Utilitarianism. Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) and John Stuart Mill Essay

Utilitarianism. Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) and John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) - Essay ExampleAs Bentham wrote in Chapter 1 of An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation, By the principle of utility is meant that principle which approves or disapproves of every put through whatsoever, gibe to the tendency it appears to have to augment or diminish the happiness of the party whose interest is in movement or, what is the same thing in other words, to promote or to oppose that happiness. (Bentham, 1823) Utilitarianism addresses the philosophical problem that occurs in the definition of the good in a pluralistic society where many people may resist on defining exactly what constitutes objective standards in righteous reasoning. Utilitarianism is important in its relationship to the maturation of empirical standards in science to replace theological justifications of right and wrong in society, as well as in the growth of democracy, which required a solution to moral i ssues tie in to the disagreement among groups with distinct standards of belief. Utilitarianism is often summarized as the sterling(prenominal) good for the greatest number being used to calculate the moral correctness of an action, decision, or policy for both persons and society on a common standard. According to Larsen (2011), utilitarianism is a normative ethical hypothesis under ethical Naturalism and also a teleological important (outcome based) ethical theory.... ed upon their outcome in society in producing the greatest good for the greatest number of people, and that the utility of an action can be calculated through its use in the payoff of this social good. Utilitarianism as a guide to individual(prenominal) behavior can relate to both personal experiences of happiness or pleasure as a guide to conduct and a recognition of the greater good of society as a higher motivation for service. Through this, the basis for moral action is established in Utilitarianism for both the individual and society. One of the major ways that Bentham and Mill differed in their theory of Utilitarianism is that Bentham based his definition of the good in a limited formulation of pleasure and pain that outlined happiness objectively through the individual, but tended to reduce Utilitarianism to the principles of hedonism, while Mill based his definition of Utilitarianism in a conceptually expanded view of happiness that included societal ideals, virtues, and altruistic beliefs of human drill in order to represent the greater good in a wider manner. (Driver, 2009) Another difference is that Bentham is regarded retrospectively as proposing Act Utilitarianism whereas Mill was an advocate of Rule Utilitarianism. (Lotito, 2002) Act Utilitarianism applies logic and reasoning to each individual and collective activity in order to determine through direct cognition, moral reasoning, and reflection whether or not the activity serves the happiness of the greatest number of people. Rule Utilitarianism seeks to establish predetermined rules of order related to moral reasoning that can be applied by the individual or groups in qualification decisions that operate on their own fundamentals of interpretation according to utilitarian logic and can

Operations Management and Loreal Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Operations Management and Loreal - Case Study ExampleThe outline of the report shows the absolute return of LOreal in terms of its sale and market share in the industry. To mark the competitiveness, the report presents a comparative study of LOreal with some of its rival companies.To a major extent the good of a company depends how aptly the aforementioned tasks are carried out. If the effectiveness of the company in managing these trading operations is to a greater extent then it will cost less and consequently it will reap a larger profit. And this correct mechanism once done helps a company to achieve a distinct competitive advantage with lower costs and better quality.This study is confined within the cosmetic industry since it is one of the burgeoning industries in todays world. The cosmetic industry today is a $29 billion business whose aggressive marketing and publicise efforts have forged a powerful trajectory of continued growth. According to the manufacturing census data on toilet items, sales of cosmetics in 1900 stood at about $100,000. Thereafter, the cosmetic industry emerged and rapidly expanded, as womens maturement interest in beauty products coincided with their new sense of identity as consumers. Around mid-1920s, retail cosmetics sales were estimated at about $125,000,000 per year and about $150,000,000 in 1940. (Daum C.M.L., May 2006)The target company taken for abridgment is the worlds largest cosmetic company LOreal. With top cosmetic brands like Garnier, Maybelline, Lancme, Ralph Lauren, Cacharel and Matrix in its portfolio, LOreal stands as a celebrated brand. Its only bank vault was to penetrate in the Indian market where Lakme enjoyed a monopoly, but has managed to cross that hurdle with ease. Literature ReviewOperations management plays a key role in making an organisations capableness to grow evident in any industry. It is the area that is concerned with the efficiency and effectiveness of the core operations of an orga nisation to support strategic goals of its business. Operations management also forms an important area in the schoolman field of business management. This field of study has been gaining tremendous attention and development for the last couple of decades. tot chain management decisions constitute a crucial part of a companys. long run planning. rationality of the domain and carrying out an analysis of a company, demands a brief literature review on release chain management. Theories of Halldorsson, Ketchen and Lavassani on SCM provide a base for further research

Comment on the article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Comment on the - Article ExampleIt may too salary increase the morale of the employee where they achieve the divisions profit and are rewarded on the same. However, this building may also create goal conflict between the organizations goals and the geographical goals (Go, 2012). This may however be curbed through proper organizational leadership. International geographic organizational structure may also be put ond to establish the MNEs in new regions. This helps the geographic region enjoy independence from the main office management since each region is unique .This uniqueness may however, be costly on judicature be and customized problems to the region thus reducing the organizations profits. Therefore, for successful expansion of the MNEs it is recommended to use the international Divisional organizational structure.The organization division organization structure creates a compressed organizational chart since all divisions report directly to the top level executives. Th is eases communication hence increased teamwork brought more or less by the focus on the employees abilities. On the other hand international Geographic organizational structure focuses on each region as a separate entity of the organization due to the fragmentation. This leads to increased costs on managing each region. It is also notable that international geographic organizational structure uses contingency eldership flair which is expensive to employ (Go, 2012). These two organizations structures have been exemplary detailed by the Microsoft and Avon products. In Avon products its revenue is seen to reducing in the European markets due its changes in the Economic

Buyer behaviour- how buyer Behaviour Is Used In the Context of Essay

Buyer behaviour- how buyer Behaviour Is Used In the linguistic context of Marketing - Essay ExampleAlso gives the reader an insight about the influence of buyer behaviour on the development of Nestle MilkPaks grocerying mix within the packaged milk perseverance it shows how the product, price, placement, and promotion of the product have been altered to best fit the consumers choice and also encourage supportive buyer behaviour, which in turn induces consumer loyalty and attracts more consumers. In addition to this, the report also discusses the dissimilar marketing communication channels and how they are being used by the company to influence the consumer decision-making performance with regard to the consumer decision-making model, the technique that has been utilise by the company and how it influences the purchase of their product. Aims and Objectives Following are the aims and objectives of the report To find out the importance of buyer behaviour in the Packaged Milk Indu stry, specifically for Nestle MilkPak with regard to market segmentation, target market as soundly as product positioning. The influence of buyer behaviour on the development of Nestle MilkPaks marketing mix within the packaged milk industry i.e. ... applied by the company and how it influences the purchase of their product. Nestle The Company In 1866, Henri Nestle founded the Nestle Company in Vevey, Switzerland and its headquarters are still based there to date. Its factories and operations are spread all all over the world, with approximately 280,000 global employees. Its sales for 2010 were almost CHF 110 bn. Nestle is one of the top Nutrition, Health and wellness companies in the world, pursuing the mission of Good Food, Good Life. The company aims towards providing its consumers with tasty and nutritious fodder in a wide range of food and beverage categories. (Nestle.com 2011) Nestle MilkPak MilkPak by Nestle is well known for its nutritious value and uncontaminated natural taste. It has added nutritious value of Iron, Vitamin C and Vitamin A, which is very serious for the health of the entire family. MilkPak is harmonized UHT milk that benefits from NESTLEs expertise and is brimming with healthiness, wellness and nutrition. A single glass of MilkPak fulfils 20% Iron, 41% Calcium, 18% Vitamin A and 20% Vitamin C of an individuals daily requirement, as stated by Nutritional Reference Values, CODEX Alimentarius. (Nestle.pk 2007) Milk, as well as dairy products, nurse a vast quantity of nutrients and provide a shortcut of the supplying of these nutrients to the diet within clean few calories. (The Dairy Council 2011) Milk is an important source of nutrition and its hygienic quality is important from man health point of view. (K. Muhammad, I. Altaf, A. Hanif, A. A. Anjum* and M. Y. Tipu 2009) Market Segmentation Market segmentation can be dissever into two broad categories, namely descriptive and behavioural. The descriptive market segmentation is don e on the flat coat of descriptive

Anselm of Canterbury Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Anselm of Canterbury - Essay Example graven image cannot be even thought of as not existing (Anselm, 360). Having made the existence of idol a given, Anselm defines paragon as the greatest thing that can be thought of. God is superlative, because the human mind, created by God, cannot imagine of anything greater than its creator, who exists eternally throughout the ages. The rest of his argument proceeds from this definition.If the perfection of God is not accepted, Anselms argument does not hold. God exists in understanding, because the concept of God as something than which nothing greater than be thought of can be understood. Something which exists in reality is greater than something which exists wholly in understanding. If God exists only in understanding, he cannot be the greatest. Since Anselm has established that God is the greatest, and nothing can be greater than God, if follows that God must exist in reality. Therefore, Anselms conception of God as the greatest, as Per fect, is the very mental hospital of his argument for Gods existence. If Anselms belief in the Perfect God is discarded, his proof of Gods existence must be discarded along with

Assignment Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Assignment - Dissertation Example quantify its oerall physical infrastructure, accompanied by its marketing and compatibility factor consideration with other technologies. The dissertation would save allow for clear understanding of the technology incorporated in VOIP, which will be done so through critical synopsis and comparison with other technologies present. Abstract Using the broadband to better serve in form of telephone options define the core purpose of VOIP. Outlines Understanding the working of VOIP, the technologies incorporated its strengths and weakness, capableness advantages and possible areas of improvement would be investigated in the overall dissertation. The project will broadly consist of the design and abstract part, followed by the literature review part which would investigate the methodical and periodical work that has been conducted over period of time in the matter of VOIP and other communication technologies. Work of different experts and technologis ts who have researched in this field would be brought to light. This would be followed by the research methodology phase of the dissertation which would include the accounting and discussion of the ground level activities and facts related to VOIP. Finally the last part of the dissertation would constitute the findings and analysis portion which would allow for better implementation of the technology in the physical domain. Using the bundle is as well part of the overall project for purpose of pilot test and evaluation. Software tool application would alter for practical demonstration of the VOIP features, its services and its compatibility with other underlying technologies and hardware applications. Software compatibility and designing a software manual according to the desired technological requirements is another core function contained in the overall project. literary productions review The concept of VOIP gained prominence in the early days of 21st century when the techno logy took a shift towards further enhanced means of communication in form of the video enabled services and foreign connectivity. With focus on virtualization and making drill of digital means to avoid the physical journeys VOIP was adopted. VOIP was the main take away of the business enterprises who sought online activities in order to avoid the physical travelling and other physical activities associated with relations with the partners. The earlier traces of VOIP can be traced to the mid 1990s (Kelly 2011, 74) when a sound card set of headphones and lucre connection would allow for connection establishment. With time, the overall domain got expanded and the business enterprises gained interest in this field and also the common users and thereby it started expanding and a new set of standard in form of VOIP. evaluation Criteria VOIP is a finish set of technology that incorporates various software packages and elements, along with hardware components. It has a complete infra structure in its own which facilitates the services that are being provided over the infrastructure of VOIP. Configuration VOIP entails the use of adapters, routers, soft phones dedicated VOIP phones are few of the elements that constitute the physical layer configuration requirements of VOIP. Criteria for determining the mastery The success would be gauged in terms of its implementation, its overall affectivity and impact on the overall

Gender Inequality Essay Example for Free

Gender Inequality EssayI establish chosen to make my origination about inequalities between genders after having seen a video last week . I dont know if nighone has seen the speech of Emma Watson at the United Nation about that but if you dont , the actress gave an impassioned speech on feminism and gender at the U.N. headquarters in New York this spend to launch the HeForShe campaign which aims to galvanize one billion hands and boys as advocates for ending the inequalities that wo workforce and girls face globally. I decided I was a feminist and this seemed uncomplicated to me. But my recent research has sh consume me that feminism has flex an unpopular contrive. Apparently I am among the ranks of women whose expressions are seen as too strong, too aggressive, isolating, anti-men and, unattractive. Why is the word such an uncomfortable one? I am from Britain and think it is right that as a woman I am paid the same as my manful counterparts.I think it is right that I s hould be able to make decisions about my own body. I think it is right that women be involve on my behalf in the policies and decision-making of my ground. I think it is right that socially I am afforded the same delight in as men. But sadly I can say that there is no one realm in the world where all women can expect to receive these rights. No society treats its women as intumesce as its men. Thats the conclusion from the United Nations increment Programme, as written in its 1997 humankind Development Report. intimately 50 years earlier, in 1948, the United Nations General fictionalization had adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which specified that eitherone, regardless of sex, was entit ingest hold to the same rights and freedoms.The 1997 Human Development Report, as well as either Human Development Report that followed, has highlighted that each country fall pitiable of achieving that goal.. In this presentation, well topic a trip around the world t o examine 10 examples of gender inequality10 pro ObstaclesWomen fought for decades to take their place in the workplace alongside men, but that fight isnt over yet. According to the most(prenominal) recent statistics from the U.S. Census, women earn just 77 part of what men earn for the same amount of work. In addition to this gender wage gap, women frequently face a glass ceiling when it comes to promotions, which is evident when you aspect the insufficiency of women in leadership positions at major companies. Women who havechildren often remember themselves penalized for taking measure off if theyre not dismissed, they may face discrimination and outdated ideas of what a woman can travel if shes pregnant or a mother..9 Limited MobilitySaudi Arabia provides the most extreme example of curb mobility for women In that country, women are not allowed to jam a car or ride a roulette wheel on public roads. The strict Islamic law in the country prohibits women from leaving th e home without a mans permission, and if they do leave the home, they cant drive a car . While Saudi Arabia is the only country that prohibits women from driving a car, other countries restrict womens overseas travels by limiting their access to passports, and even women in developed countries may complain of limited mobility. While these women may have the legal right to drive cars and ride planes, they may elect not to go out by themselves at night due(p) to the threat of rape or attack.8 ViolenceIn 2008, U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon reported that one in every three women is likely to be beaten, coerced into sex or otherwise abused in her life-time .In both the developed and the developing world, violence against women in the form of rape, spousal abuse, child abuse or spousal killing is such routine behavior that it rarely even makes the news anymore. In competitiveness zones, rape of women and children is increasingly used as a weapon of war7 Feticide and InfanticideYou ll often hear expectant parents say that they dont care if they have a boy or a girl, as long as the baby is wellnessy. In some countries, such as China and India, a male child is more valuable than a female child, and this gender bias causes parents to care very practically if they have a boy or a girl. Thanks to advances in genetic testing, parents can find out if theyre having a boy or a girl, and they may elect to end a maternalism that would yield a female childChinas one child policy may have led to many sex-selective abortions.6. Restricted Land OwnershipIn some countries, such as Chile and Lesotho, women lack the right to ownland. All deeds must include the name of a man, be it the womans save or father. If one of those men were to die, the woman has no legal claim to land that she may have lived on or worked all her life. And some women remain in abusive marriages so that they wont put up a place to live. Such restricted rights can be particularly frustrating in artles s areas where agriculture is dominant.5 Feminization of PovertyWomen in some countries have no right to own the land on which they live or work. Not only can such a conjure trap women in abusive marriages, it also contributes to a phenomenon that economists have deemed the feminization of meagerness. More than 1.5 billion state in the world live on less than one dollar a day, and the majority of those concourse are women . The United Nations often cites the statistic that women do two-thirds of the worlds work, receive 10 percent of the worlds income and own 1 percent of the means of production Many female entrepreneurs have been foiled and left to dwell in want because of restricted access to basic legal rights.4 Access to Health CareIn many countries, a pregnant woman in labor can head to any hospital, confident that she exit receive assistance in delivery. That seems like a luxury to women in developing countries, however. According to the realness Health Organization, one woman dies in childbirth every minute of every day. Thats more than 500,000 deaths every year, many of which could have been prevented if the woman had been allowed to leave her home to receive treatment, or if shed had a masterly attendant by her side. Childbirth is but one example of how women receive unequal access to health care services. 3 Freedom to Marry and DivorceIn the United States, love (and the lack of it) is a subject for romantic comedies and conversation over cocktails. In other countries, love may not fancy the discussion at all when it comes to marriage. In many countries, young girls are forced to marry men two or three times their age. According to UNICEF, more than one-third of women aged 20 to 24 were married before they turned 18, which is considered the minimum legal age of marriage inmost countries When a woman wants out of a loveless marriage, her options are limited in many countries. In some places, courts automatically grant custody of children to the husband, and women often have no chance of receiving any measure of pecuniary support. In other places, such as Egypt, women dont even have access to a court. While men are allowed a divorce after an oral renunciation registered with the court, women face years of obstacles to get in front of a judge. For this reason, many women around the world are trapped in abusive marriages. 1 Education AttainmentOf the children that arent in school right now, the majority of them are girls.. When it comes to upbringing, girls worldwide get the short end of the stick. Girls may be kept out of school to help with household chores, they may be pulled from school if their father deems its time for them to marry, or there may only be enough specie to educate one child from the family and the boy assumes the responsibility. This gap in educational attainment becomes particularly maddening when you consider the numerous studies that have been done which show that educating girls is a key factor in eliminating poverty and aiding development. Girls who complete school are less likely to marry young, more likely to have smaller families and exhibit better health outcomes in relation to maternal mortality and HIV/AIDS. These women also go on to earn higher(prenominal) salaries, which they then invest in their own families, thus ensuring that future generations of girls get to go on to school. Indeed, its addressing the inequalities in education that may solve many of the other problems on this list. 2 Political ParticipationAnalysts often posit that many of the issues on this list could be solved if women had higher levels of political participation. Despite making up half the global population, women hold only 15.6 percent of elective parliamentary seats in the world. Theyre missing from all levels of government local, regional and national. Why is it important that women take part in politics? A study that examined women in leadership in Bolivia, Cameroon and Malaysia fou nd that when women could take part in shaping spending priorities, they were more likely to invest in family and community resources, health, education and the eradication of poverty than the men, who were more likely to invest in the military source Some countries have experimented withquoBy No society treats its women as well as its men. Thats the conclusion from the United Nations Development Programme, as written in its 1997 Human Development Report source UNDP. Almost 50 years earlier, in 1948, the United Nations General Assembly had adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which specified that everyone, regardless of sex, was entitled to the same rights and freedoms. The 1997 Human Development Report, as well as every Human Development Report that followed, has highlighted that each country falls short of achieving that goal. The severity of the shortfall varies by country Nordic countries such as Sweden, Norway and Iceland, for example, are routinely hailed as havin g the smallest gender gaps. In the developing world, however, women face unfairness that can be hard to fathom. In this article, well take a trip around the world to examine 10 examples of gender inequality.

Alternative economic models Essay Example for Free

Alternative economic models bear witness1. If two alternative economic models are offered, other things equal, we would2. Time-serial publication calculate models3. Consumer expenditure plans is an example of a forecast method. Which of the general categories best described this example?4. An example of a time series data baffle is one for which the5. For studying necessity relationships for a proposed new return that no one has ever apply before, what would be the best method to use?6. Which of the following barometric indicators would be the most helpful for forecasting future sales for an industry?7. If Ben Bernanke, Chair of the Federal Reserve Board, begins to tighten monetary policy by raising US interest rates next year, what is the likely impact on the value of the dollar?8. An appreciation of the U.S. dollar has what impact on Harley-Davidson (HD), a U.S. manufacturer of motorcycles?9. The purchasing power parity possibleness implies that an increase in inflation i n one country coitus to another will over a long period of time10. In an open economy with few capital restrictions and upstanding import-export trade, a rise in interest rates and a decline in the producer hurt index of inflation will11. An increase in the exchange rate of the U.S. dollar relative to a trading partner can solvent from12. The optimal currency area involves a trade-off of trim transaction costs but the inability to use changes in exchange rates to help suffer regions. If the US, Canada, and Mexico had one single currency (the Peso-Dollar) we would tend to see all of the following EXCEPT13. Using demand and supply curves for the Japanese yen based on the $/ footing for yen, an increase in US fanfare RATES would14. The isoquants for enters that are perfect complements for one another consist of a series of15. The combinations of inputs costing a constant C dollars is called16. In a production process, an excessive amount of the variable input relative to the fixed input is being used to produce the desired output. This statement is certain for17. If the marginal product of labor is 100 and the price of labor is 10, while the marginal product of capital is 200 and the price of capital is $30, then what should the firm?18. The isoquants for inputs that are perfectsubstitutes for one another consist of a series of19. Marginal factor cost is defined as the amount that an additional unit of the variable input adds to ____.20. What method of inventory valuation should be used for economic decision-making problems?21. The existence of diseconomies of scale (size) for the firm is hypothesized to result from22. ____ are defined as costs which are incurred regardless of the alternative action chosen in a decision-making problem.23. The cost function is24. For a short-run cost function which of the following statements is (are) not true?25. According to the theory of cost, specialization in the use of variable resources in the short-run results i nitially in

Othello Essay Example for Free

Othello EssayIn Shakespeares Othello, we see the champ Othello being deceived due to his openness of nature and credulity. When Iago estimates Othellos character as follows, The moor is of a gratis(p) and open nature, / Those thinks men honest but seem to be so. / And will as tenderly be led by the nose/ As asses are. (II. i. 387-90). We see that it is this trait of his which strained his relationship with his be whopd Desdemona. The great(p) tragedy of Shakespeare, Othello, starts with a marriage which was based on a very strong bond of get along amidst Othello and Desdemona. From the early part of the play itself, it is evident that Othello has a slight feeling somewhat his inferiority in terms of beauty and color. He substantiates this point by tell that instead of loving him for what he is, She love me for the dangers I had passd, / And I loved her that she did pity them. (I. iii. 167-8) We see that throughout the play, Othello is a dupe of his avouch jealousy and Iagos betrayal. This gives way to a change in attitude towards his lady love- Desdemona. As a result, Desdemona, once the whole world of Othello, became his nearly loved enemy who happened to die by his own hands.Hence we can see that love in their relation reaches the highest point that even the lovers life is at the disposition of her better half. That too as a victim of suspicious committal Desdemona is believed by him to be immersed in an affair with his thinked lieutenant, Cassio. To take advantage of the grains of suspicion in the mental capacity of Othello about Desdemona, Iago sets the stage through her handkerchief. Othello is convinced by Iago that his fears about Desdemonas disloyalty towards him are beyond uncertainty by promising that he saw Desdemonas handkerchief with Cassio By Heaven, that should be my handkerchief (IV. . 147).It is present that we get the some evident proof of Othello towards his wife as the love for his wife is well conveyed by making it cl ear that he can not bear to live knowing that his wife has get under ones skin a whore, Aye, let her rot, and perish, and be damned tonight, for she sh alone not live. (IV. i. 168). Thus a man, who was hailed for his royal lineage, his skill for adventure, his most efficient soldiership, his openness of nature and credulity, his modesty, and dignity stoops to the level of a murderer without any second thoughts.He did so because he loved his wife so dearly so that whether he lived or died, whether he maintained his reputation or not, nothing was of importance to him compared to his love for Desdemona. Here their relationship turns out to be ironic for it is difficult for a common man to think that one would murder someone for profound unblemished love. On the other hand, we see Desdemona forgetting her very self out of her self-effacing love and obedience for Othello.She idolized him, as she says I saw Othellos visage in his mind/ And to his honours and his brave parts/ Did I my soul and fortunes consecrate. (I. iii. 251-3). When she was charged with infidelity, and that her husband could not have done anything more than unkind, she could solo protest His unkindness may defeat my life,/ But never taint my love. (IV. ii. 159-61). Her tactlessness that springs from her purity and innocence was what brought about her death. If she had imbibed the worldly maxims, which Emilia dispensed, she might have averted the disaster. She made a capital blunder in winsome herself to solicit for Cassio. She had not the remotest idea that her process might be misinterpreted. She did not realize it even at the visible displeasure of her lord.A woman of the world would have taken the hint, and pressed no more Cassios suit. Iago, in spite of himself, meant but the simple truth when he said, She is of so free, so kind, so blessed a disposition, she holds it a vice in her goodness not to do more than she is requested. (II. iii. 298-9). not till the last moment did the trut h break upon her mind that she had compromised herself by pleading for Cassio. It is the simplicity and purity of Othello and Desdemona, in all means that is exploited by Iago, who was trusted to the utmost by both, especially Othello. Othellos life was always lived by faith, instead of right.Moreover, he was a man whose nature was passionate and high, free in thought and ready in action. He considered all that is subtle and devious as dishonor, and as Desdemona understood about him, jealousy and suspicion was foreign to his nature. His life was always identified with his absolute trust in Desdemona. But when a person who was too honest to him throughout and a good helpmate full of experience, honor, devotion and delicacy to him, exhorted too vehemently that Desdemona is not at all honest to him and that she is having a very passionate love affair with Cassio, his innocence and purity forces him to believe it.Desdemona too is a victim to the darker shades of finer feelings like in nocence, purity and simplicity. She is a saint who always stood firm for love, be it to her bewilder or her husband. She firmly believes that there is nothing in this world that cannot be recovered by lawful love. Her answer concerning the fatal handkerchief, It is not lost but what an if it were? (II. iv. 79) shows she, most pathetically and with a childlike innocence, endeavors to bear on the truth of her relation to her husband.If she had tried to reply to the accusation she was in, with harsh words, her angelic stature in the minds of those who loved her might have faltered. A close reading of the play substantiates the fact that Othello and Desdemona are the two most innocent people that ever existed. At first their relationship is romantic to the utmost but it takes a profane hue in course of time due to the lack of a perfect mental institution for a relationship, by race, color, temper and character and hence we see an absence of trust, understanding and communication bet ween the two. For Othello, the word battle is of foremost importance as he was a perfect soldier.We see him telling about himself Rude am I in my speech, / And little blessd with the soft phrase of peace / For since these harness of mine had seven years pith, / Till now some nine moons wasted, they have usd/ Their dearest action in the tented field/ And little of this great world can I speak/ More than pertains to feats of broils and battle. (I. iii. 81-7). In sharp contrast to this, we have Desdemona who is totally inexperienced in the ways of the world. It is Othellos war stories that elicit her.Once she identifies his virility and manliness, she is taken aback with a mad love towards him. But it should be debated whether that is a solid base on which a relation should be built on. We see that though she speaks so fondly about him, her understanding about his nature is minimum. She defends her newly born love for Othello, in the interest words, (among other things), My downrigh t violence, and storm of fortunes, / May trumpet to the world. My hearts subdud / Even to the very quality of my lord. / I saw Othellos visage in his mind, / soul and fortune consecrate. (I. iii 248-253)Hence the whole play shows out that it is innocence and purity that laid foundation to the failure of the relation between Othello and Desdemona who was renowned for the purity of love between them crossing all the barriers that were built by man. These good qualities, undoubtedly, turned fatal in their all encompassing love. We find Anthony Trollopes Lady Anna an apt sequel to the relationship presented between Othello and Desdemona. In the above-said legend we have Daniel Thwaite, a tailor and his lover, later wife, Lady Anna, who belongs to the aristocracy. There too we have Frederic instead of Cassio.In both these works we see that the people with whom the ladies are accused of having an illegitimate relation are furthermost better and appropriate than their present spouses. This instills a feeling of inferiority in both the men and that is what takes the array of jealousy and in course of time their intense love to their better halves become too tart and lead them to much graver mistakes. Trollope, no doubt had Shakespeares Othello in mind, while he was drawing off his caricatures of Lady Anna, Thwaite and Frederic to make them sequels to Desdemona, Othello and Cassio respectively.

Merced County Health Status Essay Example for Free

Merced County Health spatial relation EssayA communitys health can be established through a myriad of differing factors. Three specific factors that leave behind help to determine the health of the county in which I fit are community safety, disaster preparedness, as well as an analysis of the population. The community under review, Merced, is set in central California and made up of seventeen cities and communities whose individual populations do not sink more than 75,000 and covers an orbit of approximately 1,972 square miles (United States Census Bureau, 2010) with a total population of approximately 255,793 passel in 2010 (Merced County California, 2012). The first discipline of importance is community safety. It is important to beginning discussion with the one of the ab out(a) basic of health indicators the blood we breathe. The air quality index in Merced County is 48, a median grade that takes into account only the just about misadventureous air pollutants (A ir Now, 2012). This value is only slightly lower than the air quality index of California, except is approximatly 30% higher than the national aver epoch (Air Now, 2012). Anformer(a) important subject field that must be addressed is the water we drink.In Merced County most of our drinking water comes from groundwater sources which are ga at that placed by two public water systems. Most all areas in Merced County are affected by three different pollutants Nitrates, Ethylene Dibromide (EDB), and Dibromochloropropane (DBCP) (Air Now, 2012). Although all three of the pollutants fall below the water standard or eliminated through the public water systems, these pollutants will continue to be an issue because EDB and DBCP were used by farmers for many an(prenominal) years to fumigate crops.Another area of concern in community safety is the safety hazards indoors the sociocultural environment. The efficiency to work, shop, or simply ride your bike and feel protected within the area in which you live are important features in determining the health of a community. With 1. 2 jurisprudence officers and 4. 4 sheriff officers per 100,000 people and an average response time of 3 minutes (Merced County Office of Economic Development, 2012) most people can be fairly confident that they and their property are protected. However, crime rates experience risen in the past few years.In 2009, Merced County experienced 1,658 violent crimes the majority of which involved aggrivated assult but as well as included 26 murders, 78 forcible rapes, and 276 robberies (United States plane section of Justice, 2012). There were also 4,390 property crimes and 90 cases of arson (United States Department of Justice, 2012). Rate of offenses per 100,000 are as follows violent 568. 3, property 567. 3, drug 512. 9, sex 37. 9, other 489. 1, and totaling 2,175. 5 per 100,000 (United States Department of Justice, 2012).Considering there are only 5. law enforcement officers per 100,000 people, it would appear as though crime will continue to rise for the foreseeable future. These numbers are especially troublesome considering budget cuts that will surely affect all public safety departments (Layoff Watch, 2011). There are a couple of pagan groups within Merced County that feel especially vulnerable, the Hispanic community and the Asian community. The Hispanic community nearly makes-up 50 percent of the population and is congrigated in the poorest of neighborhoods. Yet another concern involving public safety is the ability to start out medical services. in spite of appearance Merced County there are only two hospitals that offer emergency medical service, annals hospital of Los Banos and Dignity Health of Merced. Memorial hospital of Los Banos is a relatively small hospital with the ability to admit a total of 46 patients (Memorial Hospital Los Banos, 2008). The emergency room has the ability to care for a total of 6 patients requiring immediate emergency care, but has the capability to fly patients out to other facilities if required. Dignity Health of Merced is the larger of the two facilities and cares for the majority of the population of Merced County.Dignity Health has a total of 194 beds available. Dignity Health has approximately 10,900 admissions per year and total emergency room visits equaling around 66,000 per year. On a typical weekend the emergency room will see about 250 patients between the hours of 7 a. m. and7 p. m. (M. Parker RN, personal communication, June 8, 2012). Also serving the community are 8 primary clinics. The majority of these clinics are set within the city limits of Merced and Los Banos. Those located outside of these locations will have to drive upto 30 minutes to oblige medical services.Merced County also has five psychiatric facilities, only 2 of which are capable of admitting patients. Country Villa Merced behavioural Health Center has 96 beds available for the community and has the ability to care for long- term patients between the ages of 18 to 65 years of age (Country Villa Merced Behavioral Health Center, 2012). Marie Green Psychiatric Center is a smaller facility that has the ability to admit upto 20 patients between the ages of 18 to 65 years of age, but this is a short term facility that can only care for patients for up to 90 days.Currently, in the Merced County area there are no psychiatric facilities that have the capability to care for psychiatric patients under the age of 18 or over the age of 65. Emergency preparedness within Merced County is primarily controlled by the Department of Public Health. Merced Countys emergency preparedness was last updated in 2003 and in general addresses preparedness, response, recovery, and palliation activities (City of Merced California, 2012). In the preparedness phase, activities are concentrated in advance of a disaster.Actions are focused on implementing hazard mitigation projects, developing hazard analyses, developing and maintainin g emergency plans and procedures, conducting general and specialized training, conducting exercises, developing mutual guardianship agreements, and improving emergency public education and warning systems (Merced County California, 2003). In the response phase an emergency function is imminent or likely to occur. During this stage the county initiates actions to increase its readiness.In the recovery phase the focus is to retrograde public services to Merced county residents and return any area affected by the emergency to its previous condition. The mitigation phase occurs before and after emergencies. After a disaster or emergency, mitigation or alleviation, includes minify the impact of hazards that exist within Merced County (Merced County California, 2003). Although Merced County Public Health Department concerns itself with the county as a whole, it must also make provisions for areas more susceptable to emergencies or areas where there is an increased difficulty to dissem inate information.Within these areas there are disproportionate ethnic minorities. The two primary ethnic groups, hispanic and asian americans, are particularily at risk because of transportational and housing issues as well as dysfunctional attitudes toward disaster planning or preparedness. Within Merced County the Hispanic community makes up nearly 50% of the population and constitutes the majority of those living below indigence level. This translates into the majority of the population within the economically depressed areas having inadequate housing or malfunctioning transportation.When a disaster does occur, this group will be the hardest hit as they will not have the monetary means to recover what they have lost. This group also has the highest potential for harm due to the inability to relocate to an area that is safe due to transportational issue. What places this group at highest risk are their attitudes toward disaster planning or preparedness. After speaking with six different families from a depressed area, all but one family compose any thought into a potential emergency, and none of these families had money set aside for such a disaster (personal communication, June 1, 2012).

Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice Essay Example for Free

Nursing investigate and Evidence-Based Practice EssayI did not understand why I had to take a query class when altogether I wanted to do was be a staff nurse in a critical cargon unit. enquiry? Evidence- ground practice? Why argon these topics in the handle for program? I have enough to do just learning all the content in my clinical courses. What do call into question and endorse have to do with development my treat abilities? I trust the faculty, the textbooks, and clinical experience to prep ar me for treat. Im already getting what I need to know. That was my earlier attitude. Now that I am practicing, I have a fresh admiration for direction for explore and the evidence it provides for practical application to practice.I have an entirely different way of addressing clinical questions. Im starting to ask questions well-nigh how I undersurface improve the explosive charge I give to patients and how I can be involved in my workplaces efforts to improve fearf ulness for the patients it serves. I have discovered by purposeful reading in my practice area that explore reports and query summaries contain many implications that apply to practice in the critical rush unit. QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER firearm READING THIS CHAPTER 1 How can faculty encourage students to read look into journals?2 How does inquiry necessitate treat practice? 3 How can nurses motivate colleagues to base their practice on research? detect TERMS Clinical nurse research worker (CNR) An advanced practice nurse who is doctorally prepared and directs and participates in clinical research. Clinical nurse specia key out (CNS) An advanced practice nurse who provides direct care to clients and participates in wellness education and research. Clinical practice guideline (CPG) an evidence- ground guide to clinical practice developed by experts in a particular ? eld for direct application in clinical environments.Control group Subjects in an experiment who do not receive t he experimental treatment and whose performance provides a baseline against which the do of the treatment can be measured. When a true experimental design is not apply, this group is ordinarily called a comparison group. Data entreaty The physical process of acquiring existing learning or developing new schooling. 104 Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice CHAPTER 6 105 Empirical Having a foundation based on entropy gathered through the senses (e. g. , observation or experience) rather than purely through theorizing or logic.Ethnography A qualitative research method for the purpose of investigating cultures that involves entropy collection, description, and analysis of info to develop a theory of cultural behavior. Evidence-based practice The process of overbearingally ? nding, appraising, and utilize research ? ndings as the basis for clinical practice. Experimental design A design that includes randomization, a control group, and manipulation amidst or among var iables to try on probability and causality among selected variables for the purpose of predicting and controlling phenomena. Generalizability The inference that ?ndings can be generalised from the sample to the entire population. Grant Proposal developed to seek research bread and unlesster from private or public agencies. Grounded theory A qualitative research design functiond to collect and analyze data with the aim of developing theories grounded in real-world observations. This method is used to piece of work a social process. Meta-analysis Quantitative get together of ? ndings from several studies to determine what is cognize about a phenomenon. Methodologic design A research design used to develop the validity and reliability of instruments that measure research concepts and variables.Naturalistic paradigm A holistic stead of nature and the direction of science that guides qualitative research. Needs assessment A study in which the researcher collects data for estimati ng the needs of a group, usually for imagery allocation. Phenomenology A qualitative research design that uses inducive descriptive methodology to describe the lived experiences of study participants. Pilot study A smaller version of a proposed study conducted to develop or re? ne methodology, much(prenominal) as treatment, instruments, or data collection process to be used in a larger study.Qualitative research A systematic, inbred approach used to describe emotional state experiences and give them meaning. Quantitative research A formal, objective, systematic process used to describe and test relationships and insure cause-and-effect interactions among variables. Quasi-experimental research A type of quantitative research study design that lacks one of the components (randomization, control group, manipulation of one or more variables) of an experimental design. Randomization The engagement of subjects to treatment conditions in a random manner (determined by chance alone). Secondary analysis A research design in which data previously collected in another study are analyzed. State-of-the-science summary A merging of ? ndings from several studies concerning the same topic. Examples include meta-analysis with a quantitative approach and integrated review with a descriptive approach. Survey A nonexperimental research design that focuses on obtaining culture regarding the status quo of a situation, often through direct questioning of participants. Triangulation The use of a variety of methods to collect data on the same concept. LEARNING OUTCOMES After studying this chapter, the reader will be able to1 Summarize major points in the evolution of nursing research in relation to contemporary nursing. 2 Evaluate the in? uence of nursing research on current nursing and wellness care practices. 3 Differentiate among nursing research methods. 4 Evaluate the quality of research studies using established criteria. 5 Participate in the research process. 6 Use re search ? ndings to improve nursing practice. 106 UNIT atomic number 53 The developing of Nursing CHAPTER OVERVIEW This chapter provides staple fibre knowledge regarding the research process and the ultimate importance of evidence-based nursing practice.The drift is to inspire an appreciation for nursing research and to show how it can improve nursing practice and how results can be translated into wellness policy. Nursing research is de? ned as a systematic approach used to examine phenomena important to nursing and nurses. A summary of major points in the evolution of nursing research in relation to contemporary nursing is presented. A description of private and public organizations that fund research is given, and their research priorities are listed. Major research designs are brie? y described, and examples of each are given.Nurses of all educational levels are further to participate in and promote nursing research at varying degrees. The process of kettle of fish researc h and evidence for practice is reviewed. Students are gived to the research process and guided in the process of critically appraising published research and research syntheses. Ethical issues relate to research are examined, and historical examples of unethical research are given. The functions of the institutional review board (IRB) and the use of informed consent in cherish the rights of human subjects are emphasized.DEFINITION OF NURSING research Research is a process of systematic head or study to build knowledge in a discipline. The purpose of research is to develop an empiric body of knowledge for a discipline or profession. Speci? cally, research validates and re? nes existing knowledge and develops new knowledge (Burns and Grove, 2007). The results of research process provide a foundation on which practice finiss and behaviors are laid. Research results create a strong scienti? c base for nursing practice, especially when deliberately and carefully evaluated for appli cation to speci?c clinical topics (Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt, 2005). In recent decades the nursing discipline has begun to pay much greater economic aid to the necessity of participating in research. Nursing research is a systematic approach used to examine phenomena important to nursing and nurses. Because nursing is a practice profession, it is important that clinical practice be based on scienti? c knowledge. Evidence generated by nursing research provides support for the quality and cost-effectiveness of nursing interventions. indeed recipients of healthcareand particularly nursing carereap bene? ts when nurses attend to research evidence and introduce change based on that evidence into nursing practice. The introduction of evidence-based change into the direct provision of nursing care may occur at the various(prenominal) level of a particular nurse or at varied organizational or social levels. In addition to nursing research aimed at affecting the direct provision of nurs ing and health care to recipients of nursing care, nursing research as well as is needed to generate knowledge in areas that affect nursing care processes indirectly.Research within the realms of nursing education, nursing administration, health services, characteristics of nurses, and nursing roles provides evidence for effectively changing these supporting areas of nursing knowledge (Burns and Grove, 2007). nowadays the importance of nursing research to the discipline is recognized. However, much nursing history underlies the current state of acceptance. developing OF NURSING RESEARCH Nursing research began with the work of Florence Nightingale during the Crimean War.After Florence Nightingales work, the var. that nursing research followed was closely related to the problems confronting nurses. For example, nursing education was the focus of well-nigh research studies between 1900 and 1940. As more nurses received their education Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice C HAPTER 6 107 in a university setting, studies regarding student characteristics and satisfactions were conducted. As more nurses pursued a college education, staf? ng patterns in hospitals changed because students were not as pronto available as when more students were enrolled in hospitalaf?liated diploma programs. During this period, researchers became implicated in studying nurses. Questions such as what type of person enters nursing and how are nurses perceived by other groups guided research investigations. Teaching, administration, and program were studies that dominated nursing research until the 1970s. By the 1970s more doctorally prepared nurses were conducting research, and there was a raise to studies that focused on the improvement of patient care. The 1980s brought nursing research to a new comprise of development.There were many more quali? ed nurse researchers than ever, widespread availability of computers for collection and analysis of data, and a realization th at research is a vital part of professional nursing (Polit and Beck, 2006). Nurse researchers began conducting studies based on the naturalistic paradigm. These studies were qualitative rather than quantitative. In addition, instead of conducting many small, unrelated research studies, teams of researchers, often interdisciplinary, began conducting programs of research to build bodies of knowledge related to speci?c topics, such as urinary incontinence, decubitus ulcers, pain, and quality of life. The 1990s brought change magnitude concern about health care reform, and now in the twenty-? rst century, research studies focus on important health care delivery issues, such as cost, quality, and doorway. Research ? ndings are being used more and more as the basis for clinical decisions. Evidencebased practice (EBP) can be de? ned as the process of systematically ? nding, appraising, and using research ? ndings as a basis for making decisions about patient care. The rise of technology and the world-wide access and ?ow of information have transformed the decision-making processes of practitioners. Helpful informational websites for busy practitioners are listed in Box 6-1. No longer do nurses simply compare outcomes of patient care with other units in the B O X 61 Helpful Websites l f l b i case Guideline Clearinghouseresource for evidence-based clinical practice guidelines www. guidelines. gov US Department of Veterans Affairs Clinical Practice Guidelines www. healthquality. va. gov AHRQ health care Innovations Exchangeinnovations and tools to improve health care www.innovations. ahrq. gov/index. aspx The Evidence-Based Medicine Education Center of Excellenceextensive list of databases, journals, and textbooks http//library. ncahec. net/ebm/pages/resources. htm U. S. National Institute for Health Consensus statements http//consensus. nih. gov Centre for Evidence-Based Nursing, based at University of York coupled Kingdom www. york. ac. uk/healthsciences/centres /evidence/cebn. htm The Joanna Briggs Institute, based at Royal Adelaide Hospital and the University of Adelaide, Australiamultiple evidence resources for practice www.joannabriggs. edu. au Cochrane Centerresource for evidence-based clinical practice guidelines www. cochrane. org 108 UNIT ONE The Development of Nursing same hospital. Nurses and other health care professionals are more likely to look for solutions, choices, and outcomes for patients that represent the best available knowledge world(prenominal)ly (Hamer and Collinson, 2005). RESEARCH PRIORITIES Why set priorities for research in the nursing discipline? Can nurses do research in areas that match personal areas of interest? The answer to the second question is, yes, certainly.But nursing exists to provide high-quality nursing care to individuals in need of health-promoting, health-sustaining, and health-restoring strategies. The main outcome of research activity for a nurse is to finally put the knowledge gained to wo rk in health care delivery. Research priorities, often set by groups that fund research, encourage nurse researchers to invest effort and money into those areas of research likely to generate the most bene? t to recipients of care. Of course the documentation opportunities offered by such groups do not hurt the research effort either. Research costs money.Thus nurses engaged in research often match personal interests with financial support opportunities that are available during the planning phase for a proposed investigation. Two major sources of funding for nursing research are the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) (formerly known as the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research AHCPR and reauthorized as AHRQ by Congress in 1999). Both of these organizations are funded by federal congressional appropriations. Private foundations and nursing organizations also provide funding for nursing research.National Ins titute of Nursing Research As part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the NINR supports research on the biologic and behavioral aspects of critical health problems that confront the nation. The NINRs research focus encompasses health promotion and disease prevention, quality of life, health disparities, and end-of-life (NINR Strategic Plan 2006-2010, 2006). A small sampling of potentially supported research topics includes those aimed at ? Determining disease risk and treatment through utilizing genetic information ? Determining effective health-promotion strategies for individuals, families, and communities ?Discovering approaches that encourage people to effectively take responsibility for symptom management and health promotion ? Assisting in identi? cation and effective management of symptoms related to acute and chronic disease ? Improving clinical settings in which care is provided ? Improving the quality of care giving in settings such as semipermanent care facilitie s, the home, and the community ? Understanding predisposition to disease, socioeconomic factors that in? uence health, and cultural health practices that either protect from or expose to risk for health problems ?Improving symptom management for those at end of life The areas of research emphasis published by the NINR are useful guides for investigators developing proposals but are not considered to be prescriptive in nature. Investigators bring to bear their own unique expertise and creativity when proposing research in harmony with NINR priority research areas. Annually the NINR conducts a roundtable discussion with multiple nursing organizations to obtain the feedback of the disciplines regarding the need for continued or new research Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice CHAPTER 6109 emphases. Information obtained is used in setting future research agendas and making decisions about funding of proposals submitted by researchers (Of? ce of Science Policy and Public Liaison , NINR, 2009). The NINR website details current announcements regarding research priorities (www. ninr. nih. gov/ResearchAndFunding). Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality The AHRQ broadly de? nes its mission as improving the quality, safety, ef? ciency, and effectiveness of health care for all Americans (AHRQ, 2009a). As an agency of the U. S.Department of Health and Human Services, the AHRQs health-related aims are to reduce the risk of harm by promoting delivery of the best possible health care, improve health care outcomes by encouraging the use of evidence to make informed health care decisions, transform research into practice to facilitate wider access to effective health care services, and reduce unnecessary costs (AHRQ, 2009a). Since the inception of the agency in 1989, strategical goals have centered on supporting improvements in health outcomes, strengthening measurement of health care quality indicators, and fostering access to and cost-effectiveness of health care .The 1999 reauthorizing legislation expanded the role of the agency by directing the AHRQ to ? Improve the quality of health care through scienti? c inquiry, dissemination of ? ndings, and facilitation of public access to information. ? farm patient safety and reduce medical errors through scienti? c inquiry, building partnerships with health care providers, and brass section of centers for education and research on therapeutics (CERTs). ? Advance the use of information technology for coordinating patient care and conducting quality and outcomes research.? Establish an of? ce on priority populations to ensure that the needs of low-income groups, minorities, women, children, the elderly, and individuals with special health care needs are addressed by the agencys research efforts. The research-related activities of the AHRQ are quite varied, but a recent shift emphasizes a more deliberate translation of research evidence into practice. In a process standardized to that used by the NIH, investigators are invited to submit research proposals for possible funding through grant announcements.A listing of current areas of the agencys research interests can be found online at www. ahrq. gov/fund/portfolio. htm. The AHRQ actively promotes EBP, partially through the establishment of 14 EBP centers (EPCs) in the United States and Canada. EPCs conduct research on assigned clinical care topics and generate reports on the effectiveness of health care methodologies. Health care providers may then use the evidence in developing site-speci? c guidelines that direct clinical practice. AHRQ also actively maintains the National Guideline Clearinghouse (www.guidelines. gov), an website that makes available to health care professionals a wide array of clinical practice guidelines that may be considered in health care decision making. Another recent addition to AHRQs initiatives is the Healthcare Innovations Exchange (2009b), which provides a public source of information about in novations taking place in health care delivery. Submitted innovations are reviewed for the quality of achieved outcomes, providing evidence as a foundation for decision making by others who may be searching for or considering similar innovations.Although most AHRQ activities are intended to support health care professionals and institutions, the agency supports health care recipients by designing some information speci? cally for dissemination to the lay public (AHRQ, 2009a). 110 UNIT ONE The Development of Nursing Private Foundations Federal funding is available through the NIH and the AHRQ. However, because obtaining money for research is becoming increasingly competitive, voluntary foundations and private and community-based organizations should be investigated as possible funding sources.Many foundations and corporate direct-giving programs are interested in funding health care projects and research. Computer databases and guides to funding are available in local anaesthetic li braries. In addition, grant-seeking enterprises often purchase subscriptions that allow computer access to enhanced listings of funding foundations that include information about the types of projects those foundations typically fund. Though subscriptions are expensive, costs are often balanced by the ef? ciency with which fitted funding prospects are identi? ed.An example of such a service is Prospect Research Online (www. iwave. com). Private foundations, such as the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (2009a, 2009b) or the W. K. Kellogg Foundation (2009), offer program funding for health-related research. Investigators should be encouraged to pursue funding for small projects through local sources or private foundations until a track translate is established in research design and implementation. After several years of experience in the research arena, investigators are more likely to be successful in securing funding through federal sources, such as the NIH.Nursing Organizations Si gma Theta Tau International (STTI), the American Nurses Association (ANA), and the Oncology Nurses Society (ONS), are a few of the nursing organizations that fund research studies. STTI makes research grant awards to increase scienti? c knowledge related to nursing practice. STTI supports yeasty interdisciplinary research and places importance on identifying best practices and benchmark innovations. Awards are made at the international and local chapter levels. The ANA awards small grants through the American Nurses Foundation.Specialty nursing organizations offer grants to support research related to their specialty. For example, the ONS awards grants that focus on issues related to oncology. To summarize, multiple potential sources of funding are available for research projects. The individual or group wishing to conduct research will need to carefully develop a proposal, search for a possible funding source, and submit the proposal. Libraries and the Internet provide ample infor mation about the many foundations and organizations interested in funding research endeavors.Most research institutions establish of? ces that help in the search and procurement of funding. Thus researchers are supported in their work of knowledge building. COMPONENTS OF THE RESEARCH attend The research process involves conceptualizing a research study, planning and implementing that study, and communicating the ? ndings. The process involves a logical ? ow as each step builds on the previous steps. These steps should be included in published research reports so that the reader has a basis for understanding and critiquing the study (Box 6-2). STUDY DESIGNSStudy designs are plans that verbalize a researcher how data are to be collected, from whom data are to be collected, and how data will be analyzed to answer speci? c research questions. Research studies are classi? ed into two basic methods quantitative and qualitative, two distinctly different approaches to conducting research. The researcher chooses the method based on the research question and the current level of knowledge about the phenomena and the problem to be studied. Quantitative research is a formal, objective, systematic process in which numeric

United States South Korean Alliance Essay Example for Free

united States S proscribedh Korean Alliance EssayAbout 55 years have been passed since the U. S. -R. O. K. bail, a pillar of East Asia security indeed, which has been proven to be quite fortunate and beneficial to both the countries in the history of International Relations. For the Republic of Korea, the security guaranteed by this alliance has acted as a major instrument for its transformation. While on the other end, the United States expresses its gratified sen clipnts to have play a vital image in supporting the progression of democracy, human rights and in holding out its aid for the very survival of the population in the Republic of Korea. A set of mutually link policies of understanding and agreement exist in this alliance. There happens to be a series of goals, whose accomplishment has been a shared responsibility of both the attendants. A strong foundation indeed, this firm security alliance has glum the very relationship into a more mature and inclusive partnersh ip for both the countries. However, lately, this longstanding alliance has undergone an intricate time. There exist a number of challenges which seem to pose quite a surd threat to this collaboration.Concerns are growing at both ends, with experts and historians wondering everywhere what the future would be for this alliance. Nonetheless, thick(p) down, both the parties foresee the much feared atrophy as a terrible mistake. Experts say friction in the U. S. - southmost Korean relationship is hardly new, but the alliance has managed to endure. And for a continued survival, both the countries need to conceive of a renewed perspective to fightds the very many present and forthcoming challenges. The HistoryFollowing the post-World struggle II splitting of the peninsula between the then occupying forces of the United States in the south and the now called Soviet nub in the north, as the promised national elections continued to pend, the United Nations in 1948 finally pronounced th e Republic of Korea (R. O. K. ) as the solo legal and rightful administration on the peninsula. This assertion was highly rejected by the Soviets. In retaliation, the Democratic Republic of Korea (DPRK) invaded southeastern Korea in 1950.This was the time when the United States held out its support and reached to the rescue. Insuperable challenges had to be faced as the struggle continued till 1953, and an armistice finally took effect. It was in 1954, that the United States and South Korea approached and mutually signed the U. S. -R. O. K. Mutual Security Agreement. In this, they corresponded to protect each other in the successiveness of outside aggression. Present Challenges to the Alliance Society does change with time.For natives it may be acceptable as it is c misplace their own country, but when it is in relation to some other country, even if it is a coalition partner, things disturb a little complicated. For both South Korea and United States, the break of raising pu blic awareness , of the changes pickings place in each others society is the biggest challenge fronting their alliance. The impact of the September 11 attacks on America, and the resulting magnitude of its effect wasnt and still isnt fully appreciated.Similarly, on the part of Americans, it is excessively tough for them to cope with the radical changes evolving within Korea. For America, the September 11 attacks chiefly affected their foreign relations, as well as the political, domestic and economic landscape. If considered in some other context, rather than that of September 11 and the subsequent fundamental changes it brought to the American society, the U. S. polity of fighting against terrorism and weapons of mass destruction and promoting the spread of self-sufficiency and social equality as the best solution to extremist ideologies, creates unrest in the international community.Thereupon, the South Korean government unwaveringly and gallantly supported the war on terrorism , at the same time exposing itself as a fervent supporter of democracy around the world and playing an active role in encouraging constructive changes in the developing world. Such common interests of the two countries and next to no areas of conflict are a merit in their alliance.In 1998, South Korean President Kim Dae-jung adopted the sunshine policy, an Asian variant of the Ostpolitik policies pursued by West Germany toward the Communist East during the Cold War. Kim all-embracing his proposal of economic and altruistic support to northwards Korea. In return it asked the northeastern Korean government to be humble in recouping the contacts between long-divided families and other cultural concession, under the intention to defrost the inter-Korean relations. However, a generational divide largely exists in South Korea over how to handle it.The abysmal memory of the 1950 war that frets the older generation about relations with the DPRK, while the younger generations empathy wit h the impoverished North Korea, and who instead, has powerful reminiscence of their own nations tyrannical rule, are indeed two resister sides of the picture. Due to this generational fault line, a paradigm shift has been brought about in the foreign policy objectives, as many Koreans of todays time, who grew up in a room knowing only democracy, independence, freedom and global impact, no longer see North Korea as an enemy.Instead, they consider it a partner in need of support and understanding. They expect to achieve genuine peace, settlement and reunion through increase exchanges and collaboration with North Korea. Now here, the North Koreas thermonuclear program appears in the limelight, being a big challenge to South Korea and its alliance with the U. S. In 1994, four countries consisting of North and South Korea, Japan and the United States arrived at Agreed Framework Pact whose purpose was to end the Norths nuclear weapons inquiry in return for economic and political privi leges.In order to carry out the terms of the pact, the Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization (KEDO) was established by the United States, Japan and North Korea. But it wasnt far away when North Korea started violating the agreement and troubles started rising. The U. S. President Bush terminated diplomatic duologue with North Korea in 2001. The relations kept on fraying, and in 2005 when North Korea claimed that it has nuclear weapons, followed by the July 2006 long-range projectile tests that it carried out, operated to further aggravate tensions.This made the U. S. to hard-boil against the DPRK. Due to this, South Korea, on the other end, also had to cut the addition aid to its northern neighbor. At the same time, however, South Korean President Roh Moo-hyun, who did not want to lose ground on the progress that had been made so far in the inter-Korean relations, tried to give a lower profile to the July missile tests, being of the view that the weapons were not as much a large threat to the United States as they were for Seoul, the capital of South Korea. In reality, for South Korea, the North Korean nuclear weapons, is not a critical issue it never was.In fact, its prime concern is how to settle the issue of national unification and incorporate North Korea back into the worlds most active region, whether or not there are nuclear weapons. In contrast, U. S. concerns are global and military. Being so over focused on the anti-terrorism issue, the United States has been emphasizing on denuclearizing the North, viewing this policy as a narrow addition to its anti-terrorism policy. Therefore, the attitude toward DPRK missile tests and the disapproval shown by the South Korean President towards such an change magnitude authorization incensed the U. S. government.South Korea also, in return, objected the fact America is ignoring about all the gains it has made so far. Such beliefs and different strategic priorities have led to serious strains, resul ting in the upsetting of the U. S. -South Korean alliance. Regarding the issue, the Six-Party talks among the United States, Russia, Japan, China, North and South Korea, was thought to act as a basis for a nearer coordination between the two alliances, and also for the purpose of convincing North Korea to join the international community by giving up its nuclear weapons program, and getting out of its self-imposed remoteness.