Analyzation of Descartes’ Argument on Dualism for Mind and...

Dualism is a theory which says that mind and body are two distinct kinds of reality and the self is a mind which has a close â€Å"association† with a body. In this essay I will analyze Descartes’ argument on dualism for mind/ and body. Moreover, I will argue that Descartes’ argument on mind and body is not successful. First, I will analyze Descartes’ argument for the dualism of the mind and body. Descartes argument goes as follows that the mind and body must be two separate substances because body is divisible but the mind is indivisible. He says that â€Å"when I consider the mind, that is, when I consider myself in so far only as I am a thinking thing, I can distinguish in myself no parts† (Meditation VI, section 19). That’s when Descartes adopted the method of doubt. So the question here is as follows â€Å"why Descartes adopted method of doubt?† His main goal was to reconstruct his knowledge based on clear and certain ideas. But on the other hand, he says, â€Å"quite the opposite holds in corporeal or extended things; â€Å"for I cannot imagine any one of them [how small so ever it may be], which I cannot easily sunder in thought, and which, therefore, I do not know to be divisible† (Ibid). In these quotations, Descartes states that mind and body are thou ght of differently. This part is very important because it shows that his argument for the mind and body actually being distinct substances relies on the fact that mind and body must be thought of indifferent ways, as indivisible andShow MoreRelatedDescartes, Berkeley, And God5780 Words   |  24 PagesDescartes, Berkeley, and God There are conflicting views between philosophers of the modern era pertaining to the existence of God. Even further, many of these philosophers who share the opinion that God does in fact exist also have opposing views as to how that affects their world view. For example, Descartes’s narrator, in the fifth meditation comes to the conclusion, that God, an almighty benevolent being, is no deceiver, and holds all perfection. Within this system, the narrator

Theory of Cognitive Development and Jean Piaget - 2077 Words

Abstract: Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget was the first to study cognitive development systematically. One of his major contributions is his theory of cognitive development. However, his theory has numerous limitations and has come under frequent criticism. This essay will analyse four limitations of Piaget s theory and provide alternative accounts. The first three limitations will be presented through a cultural, social, neuroscientific point of view, and finally, end with the problems of research methods used in Piaget s study to build his theory. It is found that Piaget s theory does not combine cultural context and social context with the development itself and lacks scientific evidence. Moreover, problems in his research methods†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, to emphasise on cultural influences on cognitive development, Carl Ratner mentioned in the articleHistorical and Contemporary Significance of Vygotsky s Sociohistorical Psychology that Vygotsky and Luria (1930/1993) argued that a significant cultural reconstruction has to take place in order for the child to shift from the stage of primitive perceptions to the next one -to the stage of competent forms of adaptation to the external world For example, although Piagets sees that children understand conservation after the pre-operational stage (2-7 years), Joseph C.Berland illustrated in his writings that Price-Williams et al. (1969) showed that pottery making children as young as 6 were able to conserve. However, it is noted by Case and Okamoto et al. that some children from certain cultures are not able to pass conservation tests until they reach puberty while some never pass these tests. In other words, Piaget s theory may be limited to be more representative of children from a certain culture. Second, apart from the limitations due to Piaget ignoring cultural influences, some are related to Piaget overlooking social influences. Without considering the social context, such as the influence of adults or social surroundings, Piaget s theory may not be applied toShow MoreRelatedJean Piaget : Theory Of Cognitive Development Essay1377 Words   |  6 Pages Jean Piaget: Theory of Cognitive Development Jean Piaget, was a trained biologist who was employed at the Binet Institute, where his main job was to develop a French version of an intelligence test. Piaget was very interested in the reason why children would give wrong answers to questions which called for some type of logical thinking. It was believed by Piaget that these wrong answers showed some very drastic differences between the way children and adults both thought ( McLeod, 2015), thisRead MoreCognitive Theory And Jean Piaget Cognitive Development Theory Essay2016 Words   |  9 Pageslearning expansion in general and play a vital fragment of early childhood development. They all accept that cognitive learning is relatively systematic and takes place gradually at a variety of rates. Learning only occurs when experience causes a permanent change in an individual’s knowledge or behaviour (Weatherby-Fell, N. 2013). I am reviewing Burrus Federic Skinner’s behavioural theory and Jean Piaget cognitive developme nt theory. This report style essay will provide an overview of the two theoristsRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development895 Words   |  4 Pageshave contributed to the study of Psychology. One of these great contributors is Jean Piaget, a Swiss psychologist. He is mostly known for his theory of cognitive development. Jean Piaget used his own life as well of the lives of his own children to develop this theory. He believed that the thought process between children and adults were different and thus that began the process of Cognitive Development. Jean Piaget is a Swiss psychologist who was born on August 9, 1986. He is one of the mostRead MoreJean Piaget And His Theory On Cognitive Development1601 Words   |  7 PagesJean Piaget and His Theory on Cognitive Development Jean Piaget is one of the most influential theorists in cognitive development and he argues that children pass through the same sequence of stages when it comes to this developmental domain. This paper will begin with a general overview of Jean Piaget’s beliefs when it comes to children’s cognitive development and the basics of his four stages. Next, an in depth look will be taken at each of the stages followed by defining the Piagetian ideasRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development943 Words   |  4 PagesJean Piaget’s theories of cognitive development broke new ground in the field of Psychology leading to the extension of further research into the area of developmental psychology. In this essay I seek to examine these theories whilst considering their current relevance to modern psychology and society. A major part of Piaget’s theory focuses around the idea of schemas; a set of linked mental representations used to make sense of the world. According to Piaget (1952), we are born with a small setRead MoreJean Piaget s Theories Of Cognitive Development1360 Words   |  6 Pages Jean Piaget was a Swiss psychologist. He worked in the fields of Developmental Psychology and Epistemology. He’s known for his works and theories in the field of child development. His theories of cognitive development and epistemological views are called, â€Å"genetic epistemology†. Piaget placed the education of children as most important. His works and theories still play a huge role and influence the study of child psychology today. Jean Piaget was born on August 9, 1896 in Neuchatel, SwitzerlandRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development Essay2015 Words   |  9 Pages Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development Penny Clark Austin Peay State University Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development Introduction There have been many people that have made huge contributions to the school of psychology. Perhaps one of the most influential theorists was Jean Piaget. Piaget was a philosopher, biologist, educationalist, and psychologists. He decided to study the many ways in which children develop knowledge. He made many contributions to his theoriesRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development1607 Words   |  7 PagesShaquille Ross Professor Morris Piaget Theory Jean Piaget s theory of cognitive development gives a broader way of explaining the way of how the process of thinking is developed, based off of different age groups. He became interested in how organisms adapt and conform to its environment. He believe that it was labelled as intelligence. He observed these behaviors by controlling them through schema or schemes. In other words, Piaget organized experiments that are based off of intellectualRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development998 Words   |  4 PagesJean Piaget, born in Switzerland in 1896, contributed to our understanding of the minds of children by introducing his theory of cognitive development. This theory shows us how children come to understand the world in four different stages: the sensorimotor stage, the pre operational stage, the concrete operational stage and the formal operational stage. According to Piaget, each one of these stages is the foundation for the next, so missing a stage is impossible. H e compares it to building the secondRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development1587 Words   |  7 PagesJean Piaget was born August 9,1896 in Neuchatel, Switzerland. Before being the first person to make systematic study for cognitive development, he was a clinical psychologist. Piaget was known for his work and for being the founder for child development. He created the theory cognitive-developmental (Kohler, 2008). According to the book, cognitive-developmental theory is one that reflects the behaviors of multiple cognitive structures, the organized patterns of thinking, and the experience that that

Costco Business Model

Question: Discuss about theCostco Business Model. Answer: Understanding Costco Costco wholesale is the largest retailer in the world with more than 663 stores. Its business model is based on subscription where customer has to buy a membership to buy a product at a lower price. The company is managing economies of sale by purchasing a large amount of goods at a lower price and transferring the cost on the customers. Companys structure runs on a tight ship. The projected EBITA of Costco in the fiscal year 2Q16 is $ 1.2 billion. The operating profit is expected to increase by 2.3% YOY. The growth rate is expected to be slower in the quarter. Its profitability is increasing marginally as compared to the other competitors (Stickney and Stickney). Factors Influencing Employees Relationship Costco is the company which doesnt makes huge profit but sell products like a surge. The company sells its goods at a much lower price than the other retailers. They believe in establishing a healthy relation with the employees by enforcing mutual cooperation. The employee understands the motive of the business is to create impulsive purchases by the customers due to minimal display. It has kept a lower price to attract maximum customers to its store. It has permanently caped its margin so that members justify to the membership fees. It is due to employees consistent hard work that the company has achieved a steady margin of 10.6%. It has created a maximum hype among customers due to its pricing policy (Daft and Marcic). Comparing Manufacturer Brand from Coco Cola Coco cola has created a huge brand image by investing on the brand promotion techniques. Costcos competitive strategy differentiates it from the other brands because it emphasis on profits from the membership fees and the other ancillary department like sales and services. It has created a cap of 14% for the branded items and 15% through the private label signature items. It offer superior product at a very lower price. The ongoing treasure hunting provides a higher dollar value for a limited time. It is constantly focused on increasing sale by 5% at the store level and 10% at their warehouse. They believe in making an investment on the product instead of spending on other places (Daft). Evolution of Costco Costco is earning constantly through its membership program which persuade customers to spend $55 per year. Most of its business revenue is generated through membership programs. There employees are extremely beneficial for the company. Employees are generating three times than the other retail stores like Wal-Mart and Tesco. Their unique business model attracts employees to renew the membership due to low price. It is consistently delivering best services to the customers. Costco is constantly giving a tough competition to the old retailers like Wal-Mart, Target etc (Dyck and Neubert) Costco: Breaking All the Retail Rules The current brand is different from the other retailers as they never advertise. They provide a limited range of goods to the customer which makes them one of the highest pay scales in the industry. Unlike other big retail giants, Costco media queries are taken by its CFO. It is following a peculiar business system which makes them the second largest store in the United States. It is following a philosophy of promoting from inside rather from outside. Hence their business model is concrete which ignores the peripheral cost rather they focus on providing a direct goods to consumers. 90% of its members renew their membership every year (Costco: Breaking All the Retail Rules"). References: Stickney, P. et al. Financial Accounting: An Introduction to Concepts, Methods and Uses .Cengage Learning, 2009 Daft, R. and Marcic, D. Understanding Management. Cengage Learning, 2008 Daft, R. Management. Cengage Learning, 2007 Dyck, B. and Neubert, M. Management: Current Practices and New Directions. Cengage Learning, 2008 "Costco: Breaking All The Retail Rules". CNBC. N.p., 2012. https://www.cnbc.com/id/47175492. 23 Oct. 2016.

Johns Hopkins Social Policy Program

One of my main gripes with the most prevalent perceptions of JHU is that a lot of people think the school is almost entirely geared toward engineering and the natural sciences. As a Political Science and Writing Seminars major, I can personally vouch for the fact that Hopkins has robust humanities and social sciences departments with excellent faculty and programs that regularly rank amongst the top in the nation. Thanks to a friend of mine, I’ve recently discovered a particularly appealing gem in the social sciences that Hopkins has been developing for the past few years—our minor in social policy. The program in social policy focuses on studying how policy solutions can be used to address the variety of issues America faces today: inequality in opportunities across gender, racial, and socioeconomic lines, the U.S. education system, poverty, immigration, crime, criminal justice, health and welfare programs, and other matters relating to the overall state of our society. The classes students take for this minor are highly interdisciplinary, potentially encompassing political science, economics, sociology, history, Africana studies, public health, and women and gender studies. Admission to the program is competitive due to limited space. Students who have declared a major in economics, political science, or sociology are given priority, and if there are still spots available afterwards then students with other majors will be considered. The nature of the minor ensure that all the required classes are small—usually seven to fifteen people, rarely more—and heavy on discussion. The students in this program have a strong passion for the subjects being covered, allowing for insightful, productive class discussions that engage everyone. Additionally, the quality of student-faculty relations is fantastic. Professors who teach classes in the social policy minor will take their students out for dinner or some other outing into Baltimore, creating a sense of community and allowing students to form meaningful relationships with Hopkins faculty. Perhaps the greatest feature of this program, however, is the required intensive semester, which usually happens junior year. Students can apply to take this semester in Baltimore or Washington D.C., with fifteen slots available in each city. Beyond enrolling in a specially designed interdisciplinary curriculum that addresses core social policy topics, students will also take part in a substantive internship for this semester. Hopkins will place each student in local, state, and federal government agencies, think tanks such as the Brookings Institute, research institutions, or non-profit organizations dedicated to social policy issues. The internship will require 15 – 20 hours of work per week, allowing students to truly immerse themselves in their areas of interest and develop valuable skills that help them apply their knowledge to the real world. JHU’s social policy minor is truly a unique opportunity for those who are interested in policy and advocacy, giving partici pants a distinct edge over others in the same field. Written by firenation, a current Johns Hopkin junior. Want to learn more about Johns Hopkins and what they have to offer? Check out her profile!